3d) Ethanol

This whole section is for Paper Two:

Manufacture of Ethanol by Ethene and Steam (H₂O):  

-C₂H₄ + H₂O  C₂H₅OH
-hydration- exothermic
-300C and 60-70 atm
-phosphoric acid catalyst
-un-reacted ethene recycled

fast reaction 
pure ethanol
continuous 

non-renewable resources 
energy needed to make steam 

Manufacture of Ethanol from Fertilisation: 

-C₆H₁₂O₆ -----> 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
-anaerobic respiration
-exothermic reaction
-20-60 hrs

-30-40C
-purified by fractional distillation

renewable resources 
organic waste material 

impure ethanol due to water 
slow process
only 15% ethanol in each batch 

Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethene:

Ethanol    ------> Water and Ethene 

C₂H₅OH ------>  H₂O  and C₂H4